POLLUTION

POLLUTION

Pollution is the introduction of

contaminants into an environment

that causes instability, disorder, harm

or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical

systems or living organisms.

Pollution can take the form of chemical substances, or energy,

such as noise, heat, or light

energy.

POLLUTANTS

A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity

of a pollutant: its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence.

SOURCES AND CAUSES

1.) Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution.

2.)Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants, oil

refineries, petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms

(dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.), PVC factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and

other heavy industry.

3.) In the case of noise pollution the dominant source class is the motor vehicle, producing about

ninety percent of all unwanted noise worldwide.

EFFECTS

Human Health

1.) Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including

humans.

2.) Ozone pollution can cause respiratory

disease,cardiovascular disease,throat

inflammation,chest pain and congestion.

3.) Water pollution causes

approximately 14,000 deaths

per day.

Ecosystems

1.) Sulphur dioxide & nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain which

lowers the pH value of

soil.

2.) Nitrogen oxides are removed from the air & fertilize land

which can change the

species composition of ecosystem.

3.) Smog & haze can reduce the amount of Sunlight received by

plants to carry out

photosynthesis & leads to the production of tropospheric ozone

which damage plants.

Pollution control

Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control

of emissionseffluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the waste

products from consumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing,

transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will

degrade the environment. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and

waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control. and

Pollution control devices

* Dust collection systems of cyclones

* Electrostatic Precipitators


* Sewage Treatment


* Oil - water separators


* Sedimentation ( water treatment )


* Dissolved air flotation ( DAF )


* Activated sludge bio-treaters


* Bio-filters


* Powdered activated carbon treatment


* Vapour recovery systems